chikankari | Mr X Stitch

Shadow work is a delicate but simple technique that makes use of sheer fabrics to great effect. It was hugely fashionable in the 18th century and had a little burst of fashionability in the 1930s but seems to have all-but vanished since then. In the middle of the 18th century, it was fashionable for wealthy women to wear fine white gauzy aprons made from silk and fine cottons such as muslin or lawn, embroidered with white thread. Designs were usually nature-inspired with flowers, scrolling vines and leaves. Fine white cotton fabrics were imported from India along with the fashionable style of whitework embroidery on sheer fabrics which had long been popular amongst the wealthiest in India. Apron 1720s-40s, part of 18th century women's outfit © V&A Shadow work in English embroidery seems to have been inspired by Indian chickankari embroidery from Lucknow where fine fabrics were embroidered with white thread to create a delicate shadow effect of scrolling lines and curved patterns. Chikankari embroidery © V&A The technique works beautifully in silk fabrics, such as this pair of Edwardian sleeves stitched in white in delicate shadow-work petals alongside other embroidery stitches. Reverse side of Edwardian shadow embroidery. Edwardian shadow embroidery A similar technique has been in use in Italian embroidery for some time too, often used more as a relief stitch on heavier fabrics. There's a good site on this here. Shadow work became popular again in the 1930s for tray cloths, napkins and the almost endless variety of home textiles and baby clothes created from patterns in women's magazines. Coloured threads were used to give pastel colours to the work although white on white remained popular. Fabrics used include sheer, slightly stiff cotton organdie. Vintage shadow embroidery (front) Shadow embroidery (back) Today Chickankari is still produced in India, although finding the quality to match that made in the 18th century is difficult. Shadow-work seems to have almost entirely fallen out of favour with contemporary embroiderers now, and is mostly limited to patterns for baby wear and domestic textiles with imagery of flowers, ducks, monograms and other tweeness. Encyclopaedia of Embroidery Stitches The stitches used to create shadow-work are incredibly simple – it is a herringbone-type stitch worked from the back of the fabric, with the back-stitch outline created by the herringbone stitch. Sheer fabrics are essential, such as cotton organdie, fine lawn or silk organza. I've done a quick survey of my (quite large) collection of embroidery and needlework manuals from the 20th century, and the stitch appears in pretty much all of them up to the 1970s. Why it should have fallen out of favour is a mystery to me as it is such a lovely effect and so simple. I'm definitely planning to make a piece using, or at least incorporating, this technique. I hope that it will get a new burst of stitch fashion soon. My (very quick) sample of shadow embroidery on silk organza. Front My (very quick) sample of shadow embroidery on silk organza. back ----- Ruth Singer Books - Get yours from our Amazon store! [column grid="3" span="1"] Fabric Manipulation: 150 Creative Sewing Techniques [/column] [column grid="3" span="1"] Sew Eco: Sewing Sustainable and Re-Used Materials [/column] [column grid="3" span="1"] Sew It Up: A Modern Manual of Practical and Decorative Sewing [/column]